Menu History Laws |
" Tillnian v Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 3:21:49 +0000 They are for expenses incurred about his suit usually an ag- gregate of fees proper already paid by him plus a "docket fee" and other items that are not fees in any proper sense of the word. The Alabama court in so distinguishing costs defined fees as "compensations to public officers for services rendered individu- als in the progress of the cause, or (in another aspect) not in the course of litigation." Tillnian v. Autor of the post: Undefined Adams, in departing Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 3:08:23 +0000 Wood, 53 Ala. Pro- fessor H. Adams, in departing from the simpler notion of fees, in wedding them to professorial ideals, and I may add pro- fessorial jargon contrives to be very edifying a rebours, if I may say so. Autor of the post: Undefined The pay- ment demanded for Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 2:56:06 +0000 "A fee," says he, "is a payment made to the state on the oc- casion of some specific service rendered by the state to the citi- zen, the service, however, being non-commercial in char- acter. Two or three illustrations will make this clear. The pay- ment demanded for recording a deed or mortgage, or for any legal process, is a fee; so also is the payment required to secure a passport or license (this latter, however, should not be con- founded with a license tax), or for the issue of a teacher's certifi- cate or diploma; so also is the payment for connecting with a public sewer or for the privilege of purchasing light and water from a municipality. Autor of the post: Undefined If I employ a notary Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 2:44:08 +0000 All these payments and many others for like services, or permits, are called fees." Fairly good, profes- sor; but though the distinction that fees are "non-commercial in character" is convenient enough to mark broadly the difference between the charges made by a state for tolls on its canals or railroads and the charges ordinarily grouped as "fees," yet in many cases, "non-commercial" is too absolute for the propei description of fees. If I employ a notary to protest a bill of exchange, he renders me commercial service; and though ordi- narily the state is not in any sense a party to such transaction, yet it would be entirely competent for the state to put all notaries on its payroll, and cover their fees into the state treasury. Autor of the post: Undefined While it is true Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 2:27:01 +0000 So, if I bring suit on such bill, I may in many states employ a private person to make service of the summons, and any such person renders me a commercial service. If I choose for such service to employ a sheriff and pay him a fee fixed by law, and which he is obliged to cover into the county treasury, is the service ren- dered any the less commercial? Continuing, the professor be- comes still more absolute: "They [fees] are, however, in no sense the price paid for the service rendered or the permit granted. While it is true that they recognize a specialization in the service, they are in no sense a quid pro quo. Autor of the post: Undefined A fee is more properly Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 2:15:25 +0000 The amount fixed bears no relation to the importance of the service, and only in a few cases to the quantity or the quality of the service. For the most part, services which are made the occasion of a fee do not per- mit of quantitative assessment; nor is the purpose of the govern- ment in demanding a fee that the aggregate of moneys thus secured shall equal the expenditure incident to the service. A fee is more properly classed under the head of derivative than of direct revenue; that is to say, it is allied to a tax and not to a price. Autor of the post: Undefined , in The Science of Finance Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 2:03:17 +0000 Although paid on the occasion of a special service, it is not paid because of that service, but rather because the government selects a certain occasion in the performance of its general functions for the levy of a special tax, and levies that tax to the individual with whom at the time it comes in contact." HENRY CARTER ADAMS, Ph., in The Science of Finance, (New York, 1898). Autor of the post: Undefined Fees -'in no sense Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 1:52:43 +0000 It would be diffi- cult, even in competition and of set purpose, to pack more false fact, so to speak, and more false theory, still wearing an appear- ance of good faith, into the same compass than Prof. Adams has contrived to put into the lines last quoted. Fees -'in no sense the price paid for the service rendered!" O monstrous perversion of plainest fact, and made merely to be able to say without the qualification of "often" or "generally" that a fee "is allied to a tax and not to a price!" Professor G. Autor of the post: Undefined Adams of his spirituality, if Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 1:35:11 +0000 Ladd of Yale laments "the degradation of the professorial office;" sees professorial decadence in the decadence of the times; professors honeycombed with materialism losing their spirituality and with it their force, as with his hair Sampson his. And yet I fail to see why the loss by Prof. Adams of his spirituality, if he has lost it, should have made him so grossly negligent in the matter of fees: marshalls, clerks, sheriffs, justices of the peace and constables are proverbially keen in that behalf; and I much doubt if the sad and serious editor of the Atlantic Monthly would think an article on their spirituality at all suited to his readers. Autor of the post: Undefined In some places, they Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 1:20:44 +0000 However, I leave these collateral questions open, and, returning to the nature of fees, point to the fee system in courts of justices of the peace as evidence that there at least fees are in every sense the price paid for services rendered. Moreover, in many places justice courts are a very active branch of the police power. In some places, they have criminal jurisdiction with no allowance what- ever from the state or municipality. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 | 2581 | 2582 | 2583 | 2584 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| 2728 | 2729 | 2730 | 2731 | 2732 | 2733 | 2734 | 2735 | 2736 | 2737 | 2738 | 2739 | 2740 | 2741 | 2742 | 2743 | 2744 | 2745 | 2746 | 2747 | 2748 | 2749 | 2750 | 2751 | 2752 | 2753 | 2754 | 2755 | 2756 | 2757 | 2758 | 2759 | 2760 | 2761 | 2762 | 2763 | 2764 | 2765 | 2766 | 2767 | 2768 | 2769 | 2770 | 2771 | 2772 | 2773 | 2774 | 2775 | 2776 | 2777 | 2778 | 2779 | 2780 | 2781 | 2782 | 2783 | 2784 | 2785 | 2786 | 2787 | 2788 | 2789 | 2790 | 2791 | 2792 | 2793 | 2794 | 2795 | 2796 | 2797 | 2798 | 2799 | 2800 | 2801 | 2802 | 2803 | 2804 | 2805 | 2806 | 2807 | 2808 | 2809 | 2810 | 2811 | 2812 | 2813 | 2814 | 2815 | 2816 | 2817 | 2818 | 2819 | 2820 | 2821 | 2822 | 2823 | 2824 | 2825 | 2826 | 2827 | 2828 | 2829 | 2830 | 2831 | 2832 | 2833 | 2834 | 2835 | 2836 | 2837 | 2838 | 2839 | 2840 | 2841 | 2842 | 2843 | 2844 | 2845 | 2846 | 2847 | 2848 | 2849 | 2850 | 2851 | 2852 | 2853 | 2854 | 2855 | 2856 | 2857 | 2858 | 2859 | 2860 | 2861 | 2862 | 2863 | 2864 | 2865 | 2866 | 2867 | 2868 | 2869 | 2870 | 2871 | 2872 | 2873 | 2874 | 2875 | 2876 | 2877 | 2878 | 2879 | 2880 | 2881 | 2882 | 2883 | 2884 | 2885 | 2886 | 2887 | 2888 | 2889 | 2890 | 2891 | 2892 | 2893 | 2894 | 2895 | 2896 | 2897 | 2898 | 2899 | 2900 | 2901 | 2902 | 2903 | 2904 | 2905 | 2906 | 2907 | 2908 | 2909 | 2910 | 2911 | 2912 | 2913 | 2914 | 2915 | 2916 | 2917 | 2918 | 2919 | 2920 | 2921 | 2922 | 2923 | 2924 | 2925 | 2926 | 2927 | 2928 | 2929 | 2930 | 2931 | 2932 | 2933 | 2934 | 2935 | 2936 | 2937 | 2938 | 2939 | 2940 | 2941 | 2942 | 2943 | 2944 | 2945 | 2946 | 2947 | 2948 | 2949 | 2950 | 2951 | 2952 | 2953 | 2954 | 2955 | 2956 | 2957 | 2958 | 2959 | 2960 | 2961 | 2962 | 2963 | 2964 | 2965 | 2966 | 2967 | 2968 | 2969 | 2970 | 2971 | 2972 | 2973 | 2974 | 2975 | 2976 | 2977 | 2978 | 2979 | 2980 | 2981 | 2982 | 2983 | 2984 | 2985 | 2986 | 2987 | 2988 | 2989 | 2990 | 2991 | 2992 | 2993 | 2994 | 2995 | 2996 | 2997 | 2998 | 2999 | 3000 | 3001 | 3002 | 3003 | 3004 | 3005 | 3006 | 3007 | 3008 | 3009 | 3010 | 3011 | 3012 | 3013 | 3014 | 3015 | 3016 | 3017 | 3018 | 3019 | 3020 | 3021 |