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Youngblood v Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 6:03:55 +0000 Should virtue continue abased and logic exalted? Not unless Puritan descent counts for naught. A vir- tuous legislature taxed and called it taxing; a virtuous supreme court held that it could validly do so under the taxing power; that the legis- lature could lawfully make the dramshops put up, and the police power still lawfully make them shut up. Youngblood v. Autor of the post: Undefined Maryland, 4 Wheat Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:51:47 +0000 Sexton, 32 Mich. state, in so far as not prohibited by that state's constitution, may create practically as many classes of persons and proper- ties for taxing purposes as to the state legislature shall seem fit; concede, as federal jurisprudence does, that such state through its legislature may impose upon such persons and prop- erties such different and vary in ? taxes as to the legislature shall seem fit, provided only that the taxes imposed be 'uni- form" on the particular class of persons, on the particular kind of property, they seek to reach*; concede, as federal jurispru- dence does, that the foregoing concessions in no wise contra- vene the Constitution of the United States; concede, as all American jurisprudence does, that unformity nowhere means more than geographical uniformity, and (except locally and yieldingly) class uniformity; concede, as all American jurispru- dence does, that Chief Justice Marshall uttered sound doctrine when he said (McCnllo-ch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. Autor of the post: Undefined 663, where Justice Miller said Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:41:37 +0000 316), "If the right to impose a tax exists, it is a right which, in its nature, acknowledges no limits"; concede further that no substantial limitation of Marshall's doctrine is attempted by the supreme jcourt of the United States in the later case of Loan Associa- tion v. Topeka, 20 Wall. 663, where Justice Miller said, "Given a purpose or object for which taxation may be lawfully used, and the extent of its exercise is in its very nature unlimited"; concede also, as a matter of logical necessity, that no practical limitation of the taxing power can be made effective by courts, so long as they hold with the United States Supreme Court "that the judicial power cannot inquire into the intentions of congress in imposing a tax, and that, if injustice is done, the only remedy is an appeal to the legislative power that has in- flicted it"; concede, too, that where present constitutions are silent, as most of them are in fact, on the subject of inheritance and succession taxes, estates are in no wise protected by consti- tutional or other provisions relating to the exercise of the tax- ing power, but may be cut as deep as the legislature will, even though estates consist of bonds or legal tender notes not other- wise taxable; concede, I repeat, as above set forth, and the further concession must be made that, often as courts are men- tioned as the bulwark of privilege, true as it often, and indeed generally, is that they are so, it is none the less true that so far as any legal obstacle, or doctrinal protection of American jurisprudence is concerned, the glittering bait of the entire wealth of the United States and of the several states, is sus- pended in easy reach of the people through their taxing powers, suspended, that is, with one tolerably important exception, namely, such property as may be protected in whole or in part against taxation by the doctrine of the United States Supreme Court put forth in the ancient and celebrated case of Dart- mouth College v. Autor of the post: Undefined 53) that the court "has Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:29:20 +0000 Woodward (4 Wheat. 518), wherein the in- hibition of the federal Constitution on the states against im- pairing 'the obligation of contracts" was given a construction which enabled the late tax commission of Minnesota to saj truthfully (Report, p. 53) that the court "has never rendered a more unpopular decision than when it held that a state legis- lature may, unless restricted by a constitution, contract away the sovereign power of taxation. Autor of the post: Undefined Lecky, widely known Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:16:21 +0000 " But many a limitation has already been engrafted on the Dartmouth-College case, and though, speaking from the standpoint of routine law and the custom of the supreme court, it is not probable that that case will be formally overruled, there is an abundance of positive artillery in the legal arsenal to overcome its negative resistance, whenever the people shall see fit to make a serious matter of the same. I doubt not the foregoing paragraph will seem to many American readers as novel in its conclusions of law and fact, as it undoubtedly will, should he read it, to W. Lecky, widely known in this country as the author of Rationalism in Europe, and to a less extent by other works. Autor of the post: Undefined He is alarmed over corruption Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:59:30 +0000 In his pessimistic book, Democracy and Liberty, (two vols., New York, 1896), Lecky sees that "serious clouds seem to hang on their [our] horizon" as on democratic horizons everywhere. He is alarmed over corruption in our politics and that acquiescence therein ''which is worse than corruption. Autor of the post: Undefined No per- Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:48:34 +0000 " In his opinion, we should hot have so acquiesced, under penalty of long ago shooting Niagara, "if it were not that our admirable written Constitution [the federal], enforced by a powerful and vigilant Supreme Court, had restricted to small limits the possibilities of mis- government. All the rights that men value the most are placed beyond the reach of a tyrannical majority. No per- son can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Autor of the post: Undefined The danger of partial Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:29:37 +0000 All the main articles of what British statesmen would regard as necessary liberties are guaranteed, and prop- erty is so fenced round by constitutional provisions that con- fiscatory legislation becomes almost impossible. No private property can be taken for public use without just compensation, and the federal Constitution contains an invaluable provision forbidding any State to pass any law impairing the obligation of contracts. The danger of partial or highly graduated taxation voted by the many and falling on the few has been, in a great measure, guarded against 116-17. Autor of the post: Undefined That, however, is 'not my Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:14:06 +0000 And the above quotation shows why Lecky will find my conclusions novel. There is no doubt that any sudden and radical departure from present practice in taxation and looking toward quick realization of its foregoing mentioned possibilities, would call out tremendous resistance on the part of interests adversely affected; no doubt such resistance would take on novel and surprising forms; no doubt, too, that many courts would sound a piteous note of surprise, and hedge against results with nimble inconsistency, if the people should quickly and seriously take their present word on taxation to the full extent of its letter and of its manifest implications. That, however, is 'not my concern: I take taxation as I find it in official practice, in judi- cial sanction, in the "promise and potentiality" of what it may bring forth, in what, taking its facts and possibilities as so found, I conceive it ought to, and must, bring forth, or to put it philo- sophically, what it will bring forth. Autor of the post: Undefined Conception of legal liberty constantly Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:03:36 +0000 It is for others to hedge and palter, if I have made visible the hitherto "unseen liga- ment" which was pressing them to consequences they -could not foresee, and which consequences I make bold to assert they cannot now avoid. I do not like a parasitic paternalism we already have it: I do like, as submissive to, and interpreter of, the spirit of my time, an individualized and enlightened pater- nalism we need for it the New Jurisprudence and the Civil Nation, which are to each other as authoritative voice and ful- filling organism. Conception of legal liberty constantly changing Genuine individualism holds it wrong to tax A for educating B's children Auberon Herbert on state-given education quoted to show how far we are from real individualism Strict individualism, as a dream, less subject to jar- ring collision with fact than the spurious individualism of Wells and others Huxley justly concludes that individualism logically ends in theoretical anarchism Neither the genuine nor the spurious individual- ism has any standing in the field of taxation Legislatures and judges alike drifting toward extension of state control Madison's veto and our building an isthmian canal as polar opposites Break-down of in- dividualism in tax propositions of its choice Judge Cooley's lamentable fall from the Wells standpoint. 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