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This is not a history Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 9:25:45 +0000 But there are the people as one finds them, with wants and needs as they apprehend them, bound more or less by constitution, code, and custom as one finds th$m : I should be a fool to begin a campaign of education and I am beginning one with anything that would even indirectly suggest in form or substance that while, as scientists say, "nature makes no leap," the people are to make long and sudden leap in a direction hardly even thought about heretofore. It is one thing to use constructive thought for mental pleasure ; it is a very different thing to be the medium for crystallizing into the very body and shape of manifest destiny those ten- dencies which float about to the wonder, or perplexity, or anger of those who hail, or puzzle over, or hate them in a trinity of troubled under- standings. This is not a history; but certain facts, without which no good history can be written, are here grouped and preserved. Autor of the post: Undefined The chapter on the growth Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 9:08:14 +0000 They are all the better for mirroring, as far as they go, certain typical features of American life and legislation ; at the same time, giving the structural facts of taxation, they reflect the atmosphere and the channel through which tax-laws must come or fail to come. Local in form, they are sufficiently universal in substance to mislead no one who begins with them to study the problems of American taxation, or to supplement with them studies made at and from other sources. The chapter on the growth and financing of the Great Northern Rail- way Company, profoundly interesting in itself, affords abundant matter for whoever would moralize on the proper relation of wealth to taxation ; and in another chapter my somewhat lengthy comparison of glittering new brigands with brigands who in splendor or tarnish live only in history's "pictured page," signals the kind and quality of those who will most certainly not fail in effort to shift the ta. Autor of the post: Undefined The chapter on Henry George's Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 8:48:47 +0000 x back on us, however successful we may be in nominally imposing it on them. Judicious se- lection from a great wealth of material, and from the considerations which spontaneously arise in presenting fact and judgment is the chief difficulty for whoever, having something to write about taxation, would make a book of moderate compass. The chapter on Henry George's sin- gle tax, while perhaps as difficult as any in such respect, was certainly not more so than some of the other chapters, and I found it much freer than they from inherent general difficulty of arrangement and detail. Autor of the post: Undefined In like manner, my occasional Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 8:32:13 +0000 Regretting that so much idealism, very valuable if elsewhere and other- wise engaged, should be now, as it were, wasted on the single-tax the- ory, I still trust that the single-taxers will not find me lacking in appre- ciation of, and courtesy toward, what they have done, and what (much more) they vainly hope to do. Some good comes of earnest attempt, if not the good expected. In like manner, my occasional reference to some particular bankruptcy of political economy must be construed as con- sistent with holding that it has still some estate to administer; but per- haps it would be found more appropriate to call it, in certain of its forms, the permanent apologist and receiver of a bankrupt, but still-going, civil society. Autor of the post: Undefined They profess in these days Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 8:18:48 +0000 For the rest, many economists themselves now find Ricar- do's table set with humble pie instead of the proud ambrosia which De Quincey and others gleefully proclaimed bespread it; and of the later economists, the Nation, of New York, regrets that many are singing "songs of freedom and filling the bellies of the poor with the East wind." For whoever will search out, and cling tenaciously to, a wide range of emotional and objective facts, never fail to find room for further facts, never fall into the absolutism of adopting a last-ditch social formula and of committing to it his own common sense and the world's experience, insist, before giving any practical value to any mathematical formula of any economist, that it be usable after the analogy of Kutter's formula for determining the "mean velocity of water flowing in open channels of uniform cross section and slope," such a person may read any econ- omist with profit, and generally with considerable militant pleasure, sure, in any event, if he reads many economists, to find means of casting out the Devil with Beelzebub. They profess in these days a hearty allegi- ance to facts ; and their treatises present in convenient form a great many valuable ones. Autor of the post: Undefined It is as Auguste Comte Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 8:01:29 +0000 The path from anywhere leads over the world. When economists lay out a path on paper, call that path a law of eco- nomics, and declare it to have a physically corresponding path in the real world, in the course and sequence of certain highly important phe- nomena of civil society, then, in general, neither the professors nor their disciples can keep within the strict limits of the economic path; but with more or less stealth, with more or less openness, they follow it over the world, pronouncing critical, or it may be constructive, judgment on a multitude of things formally excluded from their province. It is as Auguste Comte has said, "a miserable metaphysic" that pretends to elucidate a group of social phenomena by isolating the same in thought from the influence of other social phenomena ; and professors and dis- ciples are rather to be commended for their inconsistency in not keep- ing within the formal limits of political economy, but poaching every- where in other departments of sociology. Autor of the post: Undefined " Certainly the economist writer Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 7:45:00 +0000 Professors like Cairnes have shown a curious ignorance of human nature and human need in enter- taining and defending the notion that "the laws of economics are as distinct as possible from rules of action, that political economy is 'neutral !' They forget that the laws of political economy are converted into rules by sheer force of necessity, and that the maintenance of this neutrality is practically impossible" a truth amply proved in their own ranks; for, "as a matter of fact, while affecting the reserved and serious air of stu- dents, political economists have all the time been found brawling in the market-place." ARNOLD TOYNBEE, in "Ricardo and the Old Political Econ- omy." Certainly the economist writer is not hard to find who, with a few formulas and no tincture of jurisprudence, essays to cut wide swath through every department of government. Autor of the post: Undefined Free choice, without the compelling Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 7:28:20 +0000 The field of taxation proper is hardly to be approached without right of way through the general domain of public revenue, nor to be trodden discreetly without the guiding hand of jurisprudence. How effort herein has kept pace with such requirement; how in a book of moderate com- pass, pre-eminently illustrative to its author of the fact that it is harder to write a small book than a large one ; in a book planned to treat critically the immediate problem of its subject, yet to fail not in many a constructive suggestion; in a book planned to give that subject a pre- liminary clearing of common errors and a large setting of appropriate and often neglected fact ; in a book whose immediate problems, of vast weight as they are, ever revolve in the author's mind into nearly related and collateral ones of equal and of greater weight; in a book meant to show a keen consciousness of fetter and wing, yet to carry each with apparent ease, how in such book I have had such audacity of attempt, and the greater audacity of acknowledgment, are matters of personal quality, itself good for " a hundred thousand in an age where nominal freedom is too often the mask of intellectual cowardice. Free choice, without the compelling limitation of space, would have impelled me to avoid the prolix classifications and sub-classifications of which the Germans are so fond, and which are unspeakably wearisome to most American readers, and of no calculable importance to influence American events. Autor of the post: Undefined Seligman, who prefers to call Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 7:11:03 +0000 Governments get revenue by gift, by contract, and by compulsion. This is the classification adopted by Prof. Seligman, who prefers to call "contractual income" that which the Germans term "pri- vate, economic income," meaning thereby the income derived by gov- ernment from its own "lands or other revenue-yielding property," and from its "mercantile, financial or industrial pursuits," when government chooses to engage in them. Autor of the post: Undefined Thus the public domain Post Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 6:55:39 +0000 To the sources mentioned by Seligman may be added another, that is to say, escheat, whereby government takes decedents' estates when heirship fails through lack of kindred and lack of testamentary disposition. Most contractual income of government will be found, if we carry analysis back a step, to rest on compulsion: compulsion is the seed; contract the fruit. Thus the public domain of the United States, when acquired by cession for an agreed price, or ces- sion as a result of war, began in compulsion, since when paid for, the price grew out of compulsory taxation, and when taken, as from Mexico, the compulsion is still more apparent. 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